【經文資訊】大正新脩大藏經 第十四冊 No. 524《佛為優填王說王法政論經》
【版本記錄】CBETA 電子佛典 V1.11 (Big5) 普及版，完成日期：2007/12/09
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# Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 14, No. 524 佛為優填王說王法政論經
# CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripitaka V1.11 (Big5) Normalized Version, Release Date: 2007/12/09
# Distributor: Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association (CBETA)
# Source material obtained from: Text as provided by Mr. Hsiao Chen-Kuo, Tripitaka Koreana as provided by Mr. Christian Wittern, Text as provided by Anonymous, USA, Punctuated text as provided by San Bao Di Zi
# Distributed free of charge. For details please read at http://www.cbeta.org/copyright_e.htm
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T14n0524_p0797b01║
T14n0524_p0797b02║　　No. 524
T14n0524_p0797b03║佛為優填王說王法政論經
T14n0524_p0797b04║
T14n0524_p0797b05║　　　　開府儀同三司特進試鴻臚
T14n0524_p0797b06║　　　　卿肅國公食邑三千戶賜紫贈
T14n0524_p0797b07║　　　　司空謚大鑑正號大廣智大興
T14n0524_p0797b08║　　　　善寺三藏沙門不空奉　詔譯
T14n0524_p0797b09║爾時優填王獨處空閑，靜室而坐，生如是心：
T14n0524_p0797b10║「我當云何知諸帝王真實過失及真實功德？
T14n0524_p0797b11║我若知者，當捨其失，當修其德。誰有沙門淨
T14n0524_p0797b12║行者能了為我廣開示？」良久思已，便作是
T14n0524_p0797b13║念：「唯我世尊三界大師具一切智，定知諸王
T14n0524_p0797b14║所有真實過失及真實功德。我今當往佛．世
T14n0524_p0797b15║尊所請問斯義！」　「故我今者來至佛所，唯願
T14n0524_p0797b16║如來為我開示。世尊！云何諸王真實過失？云
T14n0524_p0797b17║何諸王真實功德？」作是請已。
T14n0524_p0797b18║爾時世尊告優填王曰：「大王！今者應當了知
T14n0524_p0797b19║王之過失、王之功德、王衰損門、王可愛法
T14n0524_p0797b20║及能發起王可愛之法。云何王之過失？大
T14n0524_p0797b21║王當知！王過失者略有十種，王若成就如是
T14n0524_p0797b22║過失，雖有大府庫、有大臣佐、有大軍眾而不
T14n0524_p0797b23║可歸仰。何等為十？一、種姓不高，二、不得自
T14n0524_p0797b24║在，三、立性暴惡，四、猛利憤發，五、恩惠賒薄，
T14n0524_p0797b25║六、受邪佞言，七、所作不順古先王制，八、不顧
T14n0524_p0797b26║善法，九、不鑑是非、勝之與劣，十、一向縱蕩，
T14n0524_p0797b27║專行放逸。　「云何名王種姓不高？謂有庶臣
T14n0524_p0797b28║下類而生，非宿尊貴，纂紹王位，是名種姓
T14n0524_p0797b29║不高。
T14n0524_p0797c01║「云何名王不得自在？謂有帝王被諸大臣、
T14n0524_p0797c02║輔相、官僚所制，不隨所欲；所作常有諫約，於
T14n0524_p0797c03║妙五欲亦不如意歡娛遊戲，如是名王不得
T14n0524_p0797c04║自在。
T14n0524_p0797c05║「云何名王立性暴惡？謂有帝王見諸臣類
T14n0524_p0797c06║或餘人等犯小愆過，即便對面發麤惡言，咆
T14n0524_p0797c07║勃、忿恚、顰蹙、貶黜，設不對面背彼向餘，而
T14n0524_p0797c08║作於前黜罵等事；或不長時瞋恚，或於長時
T14n0524_p0797c09║不捨。如是對面暴惡、背面暴惡，是名帝王立
T14n0524_p0797c10║性暴惡。
T14n0524_p0797c11║「云何名王猛利憤發？謂有國王見諸群臣有
T14n0524_p0797c12║小愆過，有少違越，便削封祿，奪去妻妾，即以
T14n0524_p0797c13║重法而刑罰之，如是名王猛利憤發。
T14n0524_p0797c14║「云何名王恩惠賒薄？謂有國王，諸群臣等
T14n0524_p0797c15║親近侍衛，雖極清白善稱其心，而以微劣軟
T14n0524_p0797c16║言慰喻，其頒賜爵祿、酬賞、勳庸，不能圓滿，不
T14n0524_p0797c17║順常式；或損耗已，或稽留已，然後方與，如是
T14n0524_p0797c18║名王恩惠賒薄。
T14n0524_p0797c19║「云何名王受邪佞言？若有帝王見諸群臣實
T14n0524_p0797c20║非忠政，不閑憲式，潛謀輔佐，佞心偏黨，不
T14n0524_p0797c21║修善政，姤嫉良賢。信用如是等人所進言議，
T14n0524_p0797c22║由此因緣王務、財寶、名稱、善政並皆衰損，如
T14n0524_p0797c23║是名王受邪佞言。
T14n0524_p0797c24║「云何名王不順先王所制？謂有國王不能究
T14n0524_p0797c25║察，不審簡擇諸群臣等，於種種務國法事
T14n0524_p0797c26║中，不堪委任而委任之，堪委任者不委任之，
T14n0524_p0797c27║應賞賚者而刑罰之，應刑罰者而賞賚之。又
T14n0524_p0797c28║此群臣處大朝會，餘論未終，發言間絕，不敬
T14n0524_p0797c29║不憚，而興諫諍，不能依法而善奉行，不正
T14n0524_p0798a01║能住先王教命，如是即名不順先王所制之
T14n0524_p0798a02║法。
T14n0524_p0798a03║「云何名王不顧善法？謂有國王不信因果，不
T14n0524_p0798a04║悟當來善不善業、人天果報，隨情造作身、語、
T14n0524_p0798a05║意業三種惡行，不能以時惠施、修福、持齋、學
T14n0524_p0798a06║戒、受陀羅尼業灌頂法門，於四無量心不興
T14n0524_p0798a07║廣濟，如是名王不顧善法。
T14n0524_p0798a08║「云何名王不鑒是非、勝之與劣？謂有國王於
T14n0524_p0798a09║諸大臣、輔相、官僚，用心顛倒，不善了知忠信、
T14n0524_p0798a10║技藝、智慧差別。以不知故，非忠信所，生忠信
T14n0524_p0798a11║想；非技藝所，有技藝想；於惡慧所，生善慧
T14n0524_p0798a12║想；於善慧所，生惡慧想。又諸臣等年耆衰邁，
T14n0524_p0798a13║曾於久時親近侍衛，知其無勢，遂不敬愛；不
T14n0524_p0798a14║賜爵祿，不酬其賞；被他陵蔑，捨而不問。如是
T14n0524_p0798a15║名王不鑒是非、勝之與劣。
T14n0524_p0798a16║「云何名王一向縱蕩，專行放逸？謂有帝王於
T14n0524_p0798a17║妙五欲一向沈沒，耽著嬉戲，不能時時誡慎
T14n0524_p0798a18║方便、作所應作、慰勞群臣。如是名為一向縱
T14n0524_p0798a19║蕩，專行放逸。　「若有國王成就如是十種過失，
T14n0524_p0798a20║雖有大府庫、有大輔佐、有大軍眾，不久國界
T14n0524_p0798a21║自然災亂，而不可歸仰。大王當知此十過失：
T14n0524_p0798a22║初一是王種姓過失，餘九是王自性過失。
T14n0524_p0798a23║「云何名王之功德？大王王功德者，略有十種：
T14n0524_p0798a24║一、種姓尊高，二、得大自在，三、性不暴惡，
T14n0524_p0798a25║四、憤發輕微，五、恩惠猛利，六、受正直言，七、
T14n0524_p0798a26║所作諦思，善順先教，八、顧戀善法，九、善知差
T14n0524_p0798a27║別，十、不自縱蕩，不行放逸。
T14n0524_p0798a28║「云何名王種姓尊高？謂有國王，宿植善根，以
T14n0524_p0798a29║大願力故生王族，紹繼國位，恩養萬姓，淨信
T14n0524_p0798b01║三寶，如是名王種姓尊高。
T14n0524_p0798b02║「云何名王得大自在？謂有帝王，自隨所欲，於
T14n0524_p0798b03║妙五欲歡娛遊戲，所應賞賜隨意而作，於百
T14n0524_p0798b04║僚等所出教命宣布無滯，如是名王得大自在。
T14n0524_p0798b05║「云何名王性不暴惡？謂有國王見諸群臣雖
T14n0524_p0798b06║違少小愆犯等事，而能容忍不即貶黜，不發
T14n0524_p0798b07║麤言，亦不對面憤發，亦不內意祕匿，如是名
T14n0524_p0798b08║王性不暴惡。
T14n0524_p0798b09║「云何名王憤發輕微？謂有國王，諸群臣等雖
T14n0524_p0798b10║有大愆、有大違越，而不一切削其封祿、奪其
T14n0524_p0798b11║妻妾，不以重法而刑罰之，隨過輕重而行矜
T14n0524_p0798b12║降，如是名王憤發輕微。
T14n0524_p0798b13║「云何名王恩惠猛利？謂有國王，有諸群臣、
T14n0524_p0798b14║親近侍衛，其心清白、其心調順，王即時時以
T14n0524_p0798b15║正圓滿軟言慰喻，頒錫勳庸，而不令彼損
T14n0524_p0798b16║耗稽留、劬勞怨恨，易可親近，不難承事，如是
T14n0524_p0798b17║名王恩惠猛利。
T14n0524_p0798b18║「云何名王受正直言？謂有國王，諸群臣等實
T14n0524_p0798b19║有忠正，無濁無偏，善閑憲式，情無違叛，其王
T14n0524_p0798b20║信用如是等人所進言議，由此因緣國務、
T14n0524_p0798b21║財寶悉皆成就，名稱遠布，黎庶咸歡，如是名
T14n0524_p0798b22║王受正直言。
T14n0524_p0798b23║「云何名王所作諦思順先王教？謂有國王，性
T14n0524_p0798b24║能究察、審能簡擇諸群臣等，於種種務公法
T14n0524_p0798b25║事中，不堪委任者而不任之，堪委任者而委
T14n0524_p0798b26║任之；應賞賚者而正賞賚，應刑罰者而正刑
T14n0524_p0798b27║罰；凡有所為審思審擇，然後方作亦不卒暴。
T14n0524_p0798b28║其王群臣等雖處朝會，終不發言間絕餘論，
T14n0524_p0798b29║要待言終而興諫諍，如其王教而善奉行，如
T14n0524_p0798c01║是即名順先王教。
T14n0524_p0798c02║「云何名王顧戀善法？謂有帝王，信有因果、善
T14n0524_p0798c03║不善業、人天果報，具足慚恥，而不恣情作身、
T14n0524_p0798c04║語、意三種惡行，時時惠施，修福持齋，建立漫
T14n0524_p0798c05║茶羅，受灌頂法，而設護摩供養聖眾，四無量
T14n0524_p0798c06║心常懷廣濟，如是名王顧戀善法。
T14n0524_p0798c07║「云何名王能鑒是非、勝之與劣？謂有國王，於
T14n0524_p0798c08║諸大臣、輔相、百僚心無顛倒，能善了知忠信、
T14n0524_p0798c09║技藝、智慧差別，若有若無並如實知，於其無
T14n0524_p0798c10║者輕而遠之，於其有者敬而愛之。又諸臣
T14n0524_p0798c11║等年耆衰邁，曾於久時親近侍衛，雖知無勢、
T14n0524_p0798c12║無力，然念昔恩，轉懷敬愛而不輕賤，爵祿、勳
T14n0524_p0798c13║庸分賞無替，如是名王能鑒是非、勝之與劣。
T14n0524_p0798c14║「云何名王不自縱蕩，不行放逸？謂有國王，於
T14n0524_p0798c15║妙五欲而不沈沒，傲慢嬉戲而不耽著，能於
T14n0524_p0798c16║時時誡慎方便，作所應作慰勞群臣，如是名
T14n0524_p0798c17║王不自縱蕩不行放逸。　「若王成就如是功德，
T14n0524_p0798c18║雖無府庫、無大輔佐、無大軍眾，不久國界自然
T14n0524_p0798c19║豐饒而可歸仰。大王當知如是十種王之功
T14n0524_p0798c20║德：初一名為種姓功德，餘九名為自性功德。
T14n0524_p0798c21║「云何名為王衰損門？大王當知！王衰損門略
T14n0524_p0798c22║有五種：一、不善觀察而攝群臣，二、雖善觀察
T14n0524_p0798c23║而無恩惠，縱有恩惠不得及時，三、專行放逸，
T14n0524_p0798c24║不思國務，四、專行放逸，不守府庫，五、專行放
T14n0524_p0798c25║逸，不修善法。如是五種皆悉名為王衰損門。
T14n0524_p0798c26║「云何名王不善觀察而攝群臣？謂有國王，於
T14n0524_p0798c27║群臣等不能究察，不審簡擇忠信、技藝、智
T14n0524_p0798c28║慧差別，攝為親侍，加以寵愛，厚賜爵祿，重委
T14n0524_p0798c29║寄處，而相委任，數以軟言，而相慰喻。然此群
T14n0524_p0799a01║臣所付財寶多有損費，若遇冤敵、惡友、軍陣
T14n0524_p0799a02║而先退敗，以懼破散，便生奔背，無戀於主。如
T14n0524_p0799a03║是名王不善觀察而攝群臣。　「云何名王雖善
T14n0524_p0799a04║觀察而無恩惠，縱有非時？謂有國王，性能究
T14n0524_p0799a05║察、審能簡擇，知是忠信、技藝、智慧，攝為親侍，
T14n0524_p0799a06║而不寵愛；不量其才，不賜爵祿；於形要處，
T14n0524_p0799a07║而不委任。忽於一時王遇冤敵、惡友、軍陣大
T14n0524_p0799a08║怖畏事，臨急難時於諸臣等方行寵爵，而以
T14n0524_p0799a09║軟言慰喻。時群臣等共相謂曰：『王於今者危
T14n0524_p0799a10║迫因緣，方於我等暫行恩惠，非長久心！』知此
T14n0524_p0799a11║事已，雖有忠信、技藝、智慧悉隱不現。如是名
T14n0524_p0799a12║王雖善觀察而攝群臣無恩惠行，縱有非時。
T14n0524_p0799a13║「云何名王專行放逸，不思國務？謂有國王，於
T14n0524_p0799a14║應和好、所作所成國務等事，而不時時獨處
T14n0524_p0799a15║空閑；或與智士共正思惟、和好方便、乖絕等
T14n0524_p0799a16║事及應賞賚，乃至軍陣所作所成要務等事，
T14n0524_p0799a17║不勤在意。如是名王專行放逸，不思國務。　「云
T14n0524_p0799a18║何名王專行放逸，不守府庫？謂有國王，寡營
T14n0524_p0799a19║事業，不觀諸務，不禁王門、宮庭、庫藏，國家密
T14n0524_p0799a20║要說向婦人，乃於捕獵、博戲事中費損財寶
T14n0524_p0799a21║而不慎護。如是名王專行放逸，不守府庫。
T14n0524_p0799a22║「云何名王專行放逸，不修善法？謂有國王，於
T14n0524_p0799a23║世所知柔和淳質、聰慧辯才、得理解脫所有
T14n0524_p0799a24║沙門、婆羅門，不能數近禮敬諮詢，云何是善？
T14n0524_p0799a25║云何不善？云何有罪？云何無罪？云何有福、吉
T14n0524_p0799a26║祥法門、遠離諸惡？設得聞已，不依修行。如是
T14n0524_p0799a27║名王專行放逸，不修善法。　「若有國王成就如
T14n0524_p0799a28║是五衰損門，當知此王退失現世果報，乃至
T14n0524_p0799a29║來生失人、天福。謂前四門退現受福利，最
T14n0524_p0799b01║後一門退來生果報。
T14n0524_p0799b02║「云何名為王可愛法？大王當知，略有五種，謂
T14n0524_p0799b03║王可愛、可樂、可欣、可意之法。何等為五？一者、
T14n0524_p0799b04║人所敬愛，二、自在增上，三、能摧冤敵，四、善
T14n0524_p0799b05║攝養身，五、能修善事。如是五種是王可愛、
T14n0524_p0799b06║可樂、可欣、可意之法。云何善能發起王可愛
T14n0524_p0799b07║法？大王當知！略有五種善能發起王可愛法，
T14n0524_p0799b08║何等為五？一、恩養世間，二、英勇具足，三、善
T14n0524_p0799b09║權方便，四、正受境界，五、勤修善法。
T14n0524_p0799b10║「云何名王恩養蒼生？謂有國王，性本知足，能
T14n0524_p0799b11║為謹慎，成就無貪、白淨之法；所有庫藏隨力
T14n0524_p0799b12║給施貧窮、孤露，柔和忍辱，多以軟言曉喻國
T14n0524_p0799b13║界；諸有群臣有故違犯不可免者，量罪矜恕，
T14n0524_p0799b14║以實以時，如理治罰。如是名王以正化法恩
T14n0524_p0799b15║養蒼生，故感世間之所敬愛。　「云何名王英勇
T14n0524_p0799b16║具足？謂有國王，神策不墜，武略圓滿，未降
T14n0524_p0799b17║伏者而降伏之，已降伏者而攝護之，如是名
T14n0524_p0799b18║王英勇具足。
T14n0524_p0799b19║「云何名王善權方便？謂有國王，一切好事分
T14n0524_p0799b20║明了知，方便能和，攝受強黨，故得摧伏一切
T14n0524_p0799b21║冤敵。
T14n0524_p0799b22║「云何名王正受境界？謂有國王，善能籌量
T14n0524_p0799b23║府庫增減，不奢、不吝，平等受用，隨其時候
T14n0524_p0799b24║所宜給與所有臣佐、親族、王等及伎樂人。又
T14n0524_p0799b25║有疾時，應食所宜，避所不宜。醫候食性，方以
T14n0524_p0799b26║食之。若食未消，或食而痢，皆不應食。應共
T14n0524_p0799b27║食者不應獨食，所有精味分布令歡。如是名
T14n0524_p0799b28║王正受境界，遂能善巧攝養自身。
T14n0524_p0799b29║「云何名王勤修善法？謂有國王，具足淨信、戒、
T14n0524_p0799c01║聞、捨、慧，於淨信處了信他世，及信當來善不
T14n0524_p0799c02║善業、人天果報，如是名為具足淨信；受持淨
T14n0524_p0799c03║戒，於年三長、每月六齋，遠離殺生及偷盜、邪
T14n0524_p0799c04║行、妄言、飲酒諸放逸處，如是名王具足淨戒；
T14n0524_p0799c05║於淨聞處、於現世業及當來果，修德進業，樂
T14n0524_p0799c06║聽般若眾妙法門，專意勤心，究竟通達，如是
T14n0524_p0799c07║名王具足淨聞；於淨捨心，遠離慳貪，舒手惠
T14n0524_p0799c08║施，常應修福，圓滿平等，如是名王具足淨捨。
T14n0524_p0799c09║謂於具足淨慧之處，如實了知有罪無罪，修
T14n0524_p0799c10║與不修勝劣方便，親近多聞戒行沙門，遠離
T14n0524_p0799c11║諸惡邪教之者，善知三種：果報圓滿、士用圓滿、
T14n0524_p0799c12║功德圓滿。所謂國王繼習帝業，所生宗族聰
T14n0524_p0799c13║利明慧，府庫財寶應用不虧，如是名為果報
T14n0524_p0799c14║圓滿。若諸國王善權方便，恒常成就，英勇進
T14n0524_p0799c15║退，善達藝能，是即名為士用圓滿。若諸國王
T14n0524_p0799c16║任持正法，與諸內宮王子、大臣共修惠施，
T14n0524_p0799c17║行好善事；持齋受戒、慈三摩地門、上妙梵行；
T14n0524_p0799c18║頻作護摩，息災增益；建曼荼羅，具受灌頂，是
T14n0524_p0799c19║為功德圓滿。若能如是行者是名淨慧具足。
T14n0524_p0799c20║「復次，大王當知！我已略說王之過失、王之功
T14n0524_p0799c21║德、王衰損門、王可愛法，及能發起王可愛之
T14n0524_p0799c22║法。是故大王每日晨朝若讀、若誦此祕密王
T14n0524_p0799c23║教，依之修行即名聖王、即名法王，諸佛、菩薩、
T14n0524_p0799c24║天龍八部日夜加持，恒常護念，能感世間風
T14n0524_p0799c25║雨順時，兵甲休息，諸國朝貢，福祚無邊，國土
T14n0524_p0799c26║安寧，壽命長遠，是故當獲一切利益，現世安
T14n0524_p0799c27║樂。」　爾時優填王聞佛所說，踊躍歡喜，信受奉
T14n0524_p0799c28║行。
T14n0524_p0799c29║佛為優填王說王法政論經